The Vienna City Council commissioned the Austrian sculptor Alfred Hrdlicka (1928–2009) to conceive a “Monument against War and Fascism”. Controversially discussed at that time, the representational ensemble shows suffering, pain, and humiliation as consequences of fascism, war, and anti-Semitism. Behind the “Door of Violence” we come upon the bronze figure of an old Jew scrubbing the street. “Orpheus entering the Hades” reminds us of the dead members of the resistance and the bomb victims of the Phillip-Hof destroyed in the war. The work concludes with the “Stone of the Republic” with the Austrian Declaration of Independence chiseled into it.